Quick answer
Standard fibre cable cannot — but fire-rated constructions can, and the distinction is measured. APAR's Fireoproof range includes an indoor dielectric construction that keeps the circuit alive for 180 minutes at 850°C, and outside-plant designs rated 120 minutes at 750°C, tested to IEC 60331-25. They also limit smoke (IEC 61034) and acid gas (IEC 60754), which is why they are specified for metros, tunnels, airports and emergency systems where the communication link must outlive the fire. See fire resistant fibre cables.