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Structured Cabling Basics: LAN, CCTV & CATV

A quick primer on data, surveillance and cable-TV wiring for homes and offices.

Communication cabling looks similar but each type is built for a different signal. Picking the right one keeps your network fast, your cameras clear and your TV signal clean.

LAN (data / networking)

LAN cables carry high-speed data between routers, switches and devices. Cat5e supports up to 1 Gbps and suits most homes; Cat6 offers more headroom and better performance for 1 Gbps over longer runs and short 10 Gbps links. Keep any single run under about 90–100 metres.

CCTV (surveillance)

Analogue cameras use coaxial cable (RG59) with a power pair (“3+1” combos are common). Modern IP cameras run over LAN cable (Cat5e/Cat6) and can draw power over the same cable using PoE, which simplifies installation.

CATV (cable TV)

Cable-TV and satellite feeds use coaxial cable, usually RG6, which is thicker and better shielded than RG59 for the higher frequencies and longer runs of TV distribution.

UseCableNotes
Home / office dataCat5e or Cat6Up to ~100 m per run
Analogue CCTVRG59 + powerSignal + camera power
IP CCTVCat5e / Cat6 (PoE)Data and power on one cable
Cable TVRG6 coaxBetter shielding for TV bands
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